New Generation with Smoking Adult Behaviour

Question: Describe about the New Generation with Smoking for Adult Behaviour. Answer: In this section, the researcher has focused to the social, genetic, interpersonal and the environmental factors in order to initiate and maintain smoking among the new generation individuals. Social factors: This section tried to highlight the necessary question of why the young generation has started to use tobacco after a certain age. As per the statement of Bier et al. (2013), it can be stated that the risk factors connected with the development of the using of tobacco can reflect the characteristics of adolescence of the young. In this connection, it can be stated that adolescence could represent the social transition towards the adulthood. As a result, the risk taking association can obtain the adult behaviours. In addition, Brown, Platt and Amos (2014) mentioned that as the mentality of the young generation is not developed and they are quite immature, therefore, they do not able to take impulsive decisions before the adulthood. On the contrary, it can be demonstrated that peer group influences the young generation as the strong motivators (Bunnell et al. 2014). They can effectively highlight the behavioural change of the young generation. This group effectively change the mentalit y of the young generation and they started to use tobacco. This section is helpful to identify the social and the environmental factors, which influence the use of tobacco to the younger generation. According to Brown, Platt and Amos (2014), it can be added that as the smokers have been suffering from several risks, therefore, some of them thought to quit to use of tobacco. Nevertheless, Dauphinee et al. (2013) argued that very less amount of tobacco users actually leave the use of tobacco. The reason can be discussed as there are several social barriers the younger smokers face; they would not be able to quit the use of tobacco. In this purpose, Dietz et al. (2013) mentioned that the social factors are such as the young generations tried to follow the footsteps of the peer groups, actors, singers and the pop stars. Their behaviour, their action positively influence the young generation. As a result, it can be mentioned that the young generation start to smoke in order to follow themselves. After that they are getting addicted with this habit. On the other hand, DiFranza (2012) added that the young generation believe that smoking can make them cool in front of their friends. In addition, it can be stated that the media channels also highly influence the young generation. The advertisement of using of cigarette has an adverse impact on the youth (Dube et al. 2013). Moreover, it can be stated that the television show and the movies have a positive impact in order to develop the connection among the use of tobacco and glamour. However, it can be observed that the tobacco industry does not agree that they are targeting the youth, but the advertisement of smoking of cigarette attract the young generation (Duke et al. 2014). Genetic factors: As per the opinion of Dube et al. (2012), the genetics factors have a positive impact on the using of tobacco by the young generation. In this purpose, it can be stated that if the family members of young have the habit of smoking, it will be directly reflect the young. By observing the parental, siblings and the peer smokers, the young generation get the inspiration of smoking (Durkin, Brennan and Wakefield 2012). In addition, it can be stated that the parents or the siblings smoke in front of the young or in the social place. Therefore, the young members of the family thought that they could smoke in this age. As a result, these young members would try to smoke and this would make them addicted after a certain time (Farrelly et al. 2013). Hence, it can be inferred that the genetic factors can be influenced by the heritability smoking. This would in turn make the new smokers to the addicted smokers. According to Freedman (2012), the parents of those children smoke more than twice in a day, then there is a possibility that the young members will start to smoke in the future. In statistical terms, it can be mentioned that there is a positive correlation and therefore, it can be stated that the there is a positive impact of the parental smokers to the young ones. Firstly, it can be mentioned that heritable nature reflects the adolescent to find out the definite peer group (Frohlich et al. 2012). Moreover, it can be stated that adolescents choose the deviant peer class who are willing to smoke. They influenced from the genetic characteristics. Secondly, it can be mentioned that the nature of the adolescent can effectively change the choice. Therefore, it can be mentioned that adolescent will engage the with the specific group of peers and then the peer group ask for the membership of the definite individuals due to the nature of the personality as well as the cognitive nature, hered ity nature. In addition, Garrett et al. (2013) opined that nonshared environment affect not to contribute to the correlation among the adolescent peer class and the young smokers. In this purpose, it can be observed that both the shared and the nonshared determinants make an impact between the connections of young smokers and the peer smokers. Interpersonal factors: In the words of Gellert et al. (2013), the practice of serving in the field of military is seemed to a risk determinants for the using of tobacco. Hence, it can be mentioned that this practice used to play an important role in case of the initiation of smoking among the young generation. In addition, it can be observed that after joining in the military field, most of them have started to smoke. The aged militaries also influence to the new joiners to use tobacco. Moreover, Grana and Ling (2014) added that sometimes in order to reduce the mental stress of the new joiners in the field of military, they used to start to smoke. Based on the surveys of health behaviours in the field of military, there is a connection between the peer group and the young generations. Due to the interpersonal difficulty, depression along with the lower ego is connected with the rise the risk of being the experimental smokers. This will in turn effectively turn the experimental smokers into the addicted one. In this context, Hammond et al. (2012) mentioned that in order to cope up with the internal distress, the young members also started to smoke. It can be observed that the smokers are highly anxious compared to the non smokers candidates. In a nutshell, it can be mentioned that interpersonal determinants considers the communication with the family and the peer groups. In this purpose, it can be added that interpersonal factors are directly correlated with the type of the interpersonal behaviour (Henriksen 2012). This research is able to relate with the interior locus of control, lower rate of self control, stronger approach to identify the dissatisfaction level of the definite risk determinants of smoking. As a result, it can be mentioned that this would raise the propensity to the both peer pressure and the peer influence (Hiscock et al. 2012). This section is helpful to identify the connection between the interpersonal and the interpersonal determinants on young generations cigarette smoking. Moreover, it can be observed that males, who are older, are willing to smoke or are willing to take tobacco. This is not happened in case of female smokers (Huang et al. 2014). Environmental factors: As per the statement of Jha and Peto (2014), the cancer council of NSW investigate reflect the two relative environmental determinants on the smoking behaviour of young generation. In this purpose, the socio and demographic and the environmental influencers allow the peer environmental factors. Moreover, it can be mentioned that the environmental determinants influence the biological nature of the individual smokers. According to Johnston et al. (2012), it can be stated that the informational environment and the legislative policy influence the pricing and the accessibility of tobacco and nicotine. On the other hand, it can be added that the broader environment affect the skills and the predictions, valuation and the estimations, which in turn reflect the definite attitudes and the beliefs of the youth (Krauth 2012). In the point of Levy, de Almeida and Szklo (2012), environmental factors are connected with the oral hygiene, exploration of the oral pathogens. Figure 1: Influential environmental factors (Source: Levy, Mumford and Pesin, 2014) In this connection, it can be stated that the environmental factors are the acceptability and the available tobacco goods, interpersonal factors and the predicted environmental factors. Therefore, it can be stated that it is the combination of the social, genetic and the interpersonal factors. In this regard it can be mentioned that in order to make themselves cool in front of the friends, the youth started to smoke (Linetzky et al. 2012). They thought, by doing this the impression of them will be effectively increased. Moreover, they tried to follow the footsteps and the actions of the leaders, film stars. On the other hand, it can be stated that the smoking behaviour of the parents of the youth and the senior siblings in the social medium, make a positive influence on the young generation (MacKintosh, Moodie and Hastings 2012). In addition, the advertisement regarding the use of cigarette, enhance the willingness of the youth. In the name of experiment of smoking, they are getting addicted by this habit. In order to discuss the interpersonal factors, Mantler (2013) opined that in order to get rid of depression, sometimes the youth tried to smoke. This is also the reason to make them addicted of taking of tobacco. On the other hand, Mons et al. (2015) highlighted that the cultural environment also influence the youth to start to smoke. Social factors influence the perception of new generation: As per the statement of Mons et al. (2015), it can be also stated that youth perceive that the nature of smoking can make them cool. However, it can be stated that smoking has a bad impact on the smokers, more specifically the young generation. From the perception of new generations smoking, it can be identified that with the rise in time, the youth may suffer from the problem of cough or throat infections (Morris 2012). In addition, the smokers also faced the problem of decaying of teeth. The smokers also face the problem of breathing trouble. The smokers may also suffer from the problem of allergy. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that the ban of cigarette purchase reduce the profitability of the cigarette manufacturing company will be reduced. As a result, his will in turn reduce the income statement of the workers of the cigarette manufacturing company. Therefore, Mzayek et al. (2012) mentioned that the economical position of the company will be decreased. Moreover, in order to identify the social impact on the health status of the new generation smokers, it can be identified that as they do not have the habit of smoking, they face the issue of throat diseases. Furthermore, it can be added that the taste and smell of the foods, which they eat, will be reduced. In addition, Nagelhout et al. (2012) added that the non smokers also feel disturbed. They cannot tolerate the smell of cigarettes. They also suffer from the throat diseases. In this purpose, it can be added that the cigarette smoking is also harmful for the pregnant women and the children. The unborn babies will b e affected by this smoke (Newcomb et al. 2014). Smoking habit reduce the athletics capability. This habit increases the problem of asthma. The stomach of the smokers will be affected. Cigarette smoking directly affects the respiratory organs of the smokers. They may suffer from the disease like bronchitis. According to Nikaj and Chaloupka (2013), most of the smokers will suffer from the heart diseases. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the smokers need to smoke in the particular smoking zone. They do not require to smoke in the public place or in front of the patients, children or in front of any pregnant women or non smoker person. So that they do not require to feel disturb (Nonnemaker et al. 2013). Moreover, it can be mentioned that the youth also require to smoke limited, so that they do not get addicted with this habit. Genetic factors influence the perception of new generation: As per the statement of Pearson et al. (2014), epidemiological studies highlighted that there is an interrelationship between the genetic factors and it has a positive influence on the young smokers. In this connection, it can be stated that the genetic components play a significant role and therefore, it can be identified that there is a 40% to 60% risk to be addicted (Pierce, White and Emery 2012). Firstly, it can be mentioned that there is a possibility as genome is related with the consumption of tobacco. As a result, the young generation smokers may suffer from the lung cancer. This analysis has aimed to discuss that the genetic contribution can emphasis the role of the atmosphere to initiate and maintain the nature of cigarette smoking (Primack et al. 2013). As a result, it can be mentioned that the complexity of the estimation for analyse the difficulties and the several interrelationships among the genes and the surroundings. On the other hand, it can be stated that the role of heredity or the smoking addiction behaviour will be continued through the major aspects to initiate and maintain the nature of the smokers along with the quitting of smoking behaviour. In addition, Robertson et al. (2014) opined that this study has focused a higher rate of concordance in the connection with nature with smoking between the monozygotic twins and the dizygotic twins. Moreover, it can be observed that the greater classification of phenotypes and the other statistical theories reflects a positive impact on the genome. Hence, it can determine the smoking phenotype of the young generation (Samet 2013). In the country like Australia, it can be observed that there is a strong relation between the adopted young smokers and the biological siblings, more specifically it can be specified that there is a connection between the female smokers and the biological mothers. Hence, it can be mentioned that the role of heredity can red uce the relative necessity of the behavioural change (Schuck et al. 2012). Genetic variation is helpful to estimate the biological variation based on the smoking dependence, as this study is helpful to understand the role of neurotransmitter and can also evaluate the rewarding impact of nicotine. Therefore, Tan and Glantz (2012) mentioned that this study is beneficial to discuss the connection between dopamine regulating genes and the dependence on nicotine. In addition, it can be mentioned that nicotine has a positive impact on the secretion of serotonin. In this connection, it can be mentioned that secretion of serotonin can change the mood as it is connected with the smoking abstinence (Tanski et al. 2012). Interpersonal factors influence the perception of new generation: In the words of Tauras, Huang and Chaloupka (2013), the youth smokers are influenced to smoke by the psychological factors like personal factors and the interpersonal factors. The interpersonal factors are such as the type and manner of smoking, frequency of smoking within the family and the society as it is important to identify the behaviour of the youth smokers (Thun et al. 2013). On the other hand, it can be mentioned that when the youth are suffering from the depression or the frustration, they used to start smoke. They believe that cigarette smoking can reduce their depression at that moment and they can feel better. According to Veeranki et al. (2014), this concept does not exist in reality. This is only the feelings of the smokers as they think nicotine can control the nerve. However, the doctors stated that cigarette smoking is able to reduce the depression. It is a psychological issue, which can be reduced only by the psychologists (Veeranki et al. 2015). On the contrary, by believing this myth, the youth are getting addicted with this habit and tried to reduce their depression by cigarette smoking. Environmental factors influence the perception of new generation: According to Wilson et al. (2012), cigarette smoking not make an adverse impact on the smokers, it also affect the environment. As a result, it can be stated that the air, water and the land is polluted. In addition, it can be mentioned that production of smoking also makes a negative impact on the environment. In this connection, it can be stated that cigarette smoking has an indirect effect on the environment, whereas it affect directly to the environment. In order to identify that how cigarette affect the air, Yoruk and Yoruk (2013) mentioned that there are approximately 4000 chemicals are present. During the time of smoking, these chemicals are coming out by breathing and mixed with the air. After the survey, it can be observed that in the developing countries, the air pollution due to this reason is comparatively higher (Zeldin, Camino and Calvert 2012). Therefore, it can be inferred that in case of larger population country, the air is polluted highly for this issue. Tauras, Huang and Chaloupka (2013) added that cigarette smoking not only pollute the air, it also pollute the land and the water. It can be observed that most of the times, the cigarette butts are left on the ground. After that these butts are going to the rivers or in the lakes. As a result, it can be stated that the water bodies and the fishes are highly affected with the smoke of the cigarette butts (Zeldin, Camino and Calvert 2012). Therefore, it can be stated that by mistakes, these cigarette butts are eaten by the fishes and they died from these objects. In addition, it can be stated that these cigarette butts can reduce the fertility of the soil (Tan and Glantz 2012). As a result, the quality of the crops will be decreased. The decomposition capacity of the soil will decrease. The cultivating capacity of land also reduced. In order to discuss the interaction characteristics, Samet (2013) mentioned that the group of the young generation would like to talk about the brand of the cigarette. It can be observed that these youths are the brand seekers. Therefore, they are talking regarding the brand of the cigarettes, which they use. On the other hand, the youth think that cigarette smoking in this age is adventurous to them (Pierce, White and Emery 2012). In order to get the feeling of this adventure, youth would like to talk about their experience towards their friends. In this purpose, they also added how they influence for smoking. Some of them stated that they have influenced from their favourite actors. On the other hand, some of them mentioned that they have influenced from their parents, relatives or from the other siblings. Moreover, Nikaj and Chaloupka (2013) identified that some of them have influenced from the advertisement of cigarette in the television. Therefore, the youth is generally talking about in their social community regarding smoking. By knowing the bad impact of smoking on the health of the youth, they tried to find out and discuss about the benefit of this habit in their community. In the words of Morris (2012), smoking can reduce the risk of knee replacement surgery. As per the report of University of Adelaide in Australia, it can be stated that the use of tobacco and nicotine is helpful to prevent the cartilage and the joint deterioration. In addition, it can be stated that smoking can reduce the possibility of occurring of the Parkinsons disease (Mantler 2013). Most of the research finds that there is a negative relationship between the cigarette smoking and the Parkinsons disease. As a result, the youth have studied that long term smoking can avoid this type of disease (MacKintosh, Moodie and Hastings 2012). The journal of Neurology has published that number of periods of smoking as the protective power. In this connection, the Harvard researcher has found that a certain rate of smoking can effectively preve nt the Parkinsons disease. In the words of Levy, Mumford and Pesin (2014), smoking can lowering down the risk of obesity. Taking of tobacco and nicotine can effectively make the smokers thinner. As per study of the psychologists, it can be mentioned that smoking can prevent the gaining of weights of the smokers. Nevertheless, Levy, de Almeida and Szklo (2012) argued that the smokers do not require to be addicted. Addiction towards smoking will affect the health of the young smokers. On the other hand, it can be stated that the connection between the smoking and the control of weight of the smokers is complex to understand (Krauth 2012). It is known that nicotine itself reacts as the stimulant as well as the appetite suppressant. As a result, most of the time, the smokers feel the taste of the foods less tasty and reluctant the willingness to have the foods. From this point, the weight of the smokers can be reduced. However, Jha and Peto (2014) questioned that this eating of less foods is not good for health of the smokers. In addition, it can be added that nicotine appetite appears and acts as a part of the brain, which is called hypothalamus. Although excessive smoking habit is not good for health, it can fruitfully control the weight of the smokers by accompanying the toxic baggage. Moreover, the youth identified that smoking habit can sometimes reduce the risk of death after the heart attacks. As per the opinion of Henriksen (2012), it can be demonstrated that in the comparison with the non smokers, the smokers have had heart attacks by having the lower mortality rate. As per the study of heart journal, which was published in the year of 2005, highlighted that as the smokers have been suffering from the heart diseases, therefore, they can survive from the heart attack from the non smokers. Furthermore, it can be stated that there is also a negative relationship between the endometrial cancer and the smoking. As per the statement of Grana and Ling (2014), smoking is effectively connected with the risk factors of endometrial cancer. Hence, it can be mentioned that the women, who have the habit of smoking, can effectively reduce the risk for the uterine fibroids (Freedman 2012). Development of the endometrial cancer is effectively reflected by the exploration of the oestrogen hormone. This protection will in turn work like the anti oestrogenic impact in cigarette smoking. Current smoking policies in Australia: After analysing the negative impact of cigarette smoking, this study is also helpful to discuss the current smoking control policies, which can influence the new generation in Australia with the smoking habits. As per the Federal law of Australia, it banned smoking in case of the commonwealth government development, public transport, national and international airports (DiFranza 2012). As it can be already discussed that cigarette smoking in the public place has a negative impact on the others, therefore, the smokers do not require to smoke in front of the public. They may feel irritated. Moreover, Brown, Platt and Amos (2014) opined that recently the Australian territories have banned smoking in the vehicles in front of the children or in front of the pregnant women. In this connection, it can be mentioned that most of the restaurants and the multinational organisations have planned to ban cigarette in the premises. The smokers can give the permission to smoke in a special smoking z one. Brown, Platt and Amos (2014) added that as per the recent report it can be observed that cigarette will not be sold to the persons, whose age is under 18 years. Furthermore, it can be mentioned that the Government of Australia has made some effective laws and practices on the using of electronic cigarettes as it do not emit smoke. Hence, the non smokers will not be affected and will not be irritated by the smokers. In January, 2016, Government of Australia has taken some effective laws and regulations against the youth smokers. In this connection, DiFranza (2012) mentioned that within 10 metres of childrens play equipment, the youth will not give the permission to smoke. The smokers will not be allowed to smoke in the sports ground or in the recreational region. In addition, it can be stated that in the swimming pool complexes, the smokers can not smoke (Durkin, Brennan and Wakefield 2012). Moreover, it can be mentioned that the youth smokers can not smoke in the overcrowded places such as railway platforms, light rail stations, taxi ranks, metro station and the taxi ranks etc. Furthermore, the youth will not give the permission to smoke within four metres of a pedestrian accessing point. According to Freedman (2012), it can be stated that the restaurants in Australia also require to have a special smoking zone, so that the youth can smoke in this separate zone. As a result, it can be stated that the smokers will also willing to go to the restaurant. Therefore, the business of the restaurant will not be decreased. In this connection, the restaurant owner also requires to get a licence for making a separate smoking zone (Grana and Ling 2014). On the other hand, in order to reduce the nature of cigarette smoking among the youth, the Australian government aimed. In this connection, it can be stated that the anti smoking organisers can make the people aware about the adverse impact of smoking on health. In addition, how the smokers will be affected by cigarette smoking will be discussed. On the other hand, Henriksen (2012) mentioned that the adult smokers require to stop smoking in front of the young members as young members are influenced by the habit of the adult. In addition, it can be mentioned that adult smokers needs to understand the negative impact of cigarette smoking and then the adult requires to quit the habit. Moreover, the smokers can use the e-cigarette. In the words of Jha and Peto (2014), electronic cigarette is a hand held electronic apparatus, which is able to vaporize the flavour of the liquid nicotine. In case of e-cigarette, there is lower rate of risk. They may not suffer from the serious diseases. Possible future policies in Australia: As per the statement of Krauth (2012), in order to reduce the nature of cigarette smoking of the young generation, the government of Australia has planned that they will impose charge on the cost of cigarette. In addition, it can be also mentioned that in case of smoking in public place, the youth smokers will be penalised (Levy, Mumford and Pesin 2014). By doing these, it can be mentioned that the youth will not want to be penalised. As a result, they will be forced to reduce the rate of smoking. On the other hand, government of Australia has planned to reduce the price of the e-cigarette. As a result, in this purpose it can be inferred that the smokers will be able to afford the price of this type of cigarette consumption. This will in turn reduce the risk of occurring serious health diseases. Moreover, Levy, de Almeida and Szklo (2012) added that the tobacco manufacturing companies will be allowed to produce a certain quantity of products. Moreover, the government of Australia has also planned to ban cigarette smoking in the working place. Cigarette smoking in the working place will influence to the other workers to smoke. In this essence, the management of the organisations will need to take effective steps, so that the workers will not get the permission to smoke in the public place. However, if the employees will smoke within the organisation, they will get strict punishment, so that he will not try to smoke in that place. In this context, MacKintosh, Moodie and Hastings (2012) put that the other staffs will also not try to smoke. On the other hand, in order to reduce the air pollution, water pollution of the country, the government has planned to develop to quit of smoking plan. In this connection, government can build an organisation, which will be able to motivate the youths to quit of cigarette smoking (Mantler 2013). This organisation will also require to take a behavioural therapy. This behavioural therapy will be helpful to understand the bad impact of cigarette and how the youth can quit this habit. The experts will help to the youth to leave the habit. Furthermore, it can be added that government of Australia can also ban the advertisement of cigarettes, which are used to telecast in the television. 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